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Objective: To investigate whether having a higher number of depressive symptoms is associated with negative self-rated health (SRH) even in the absence of illness. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted in 2015-2016, using a national sample of 9,412 people aged 50 or over. SRH was dichotomized into poor or very poor and very good or excellent, good, or average. Depressive symptoms were assessed through the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D8). Sociodemographic variables, information about unhealthy behaviors, and the number of chronic conditions were also analyzed. Results: Having depressive symptoms was strongly associated with poor or very poor SRH both in the unadjusted and adjusted analyses. The magnitude of the association was reduced when the number of chronic illnesses was included in the multivariate analysis, along with the other sociodemographic variables and unhealthy behaviors (OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.31-1.39). Conclusion: Having depressive symptoms may contribute towards having a poorer perception of health, even in the absence of health conditions. SRH is a multidimensional construct that can accurately reflect a person's state of general mental health.
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Objective:To investigate the prevalence of depression symptoms in residents, and to analyze the demographic characteristics, training status and psychological influencing factors in order to provide the evidence for the mental health management and intervention of residents in China at current stage.Methods:A total of 1 050 participants from eight different training centers in Shenyang, Dalian, Jinzhou and Fushun of Liaoning Province were investigated by Pittsburgh sleep quality index, International physical activity questionnaire, Survey of perceived organizational support, Psychological capital questionnaire and Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire, which covered questions including social demographic information, training information, sleep status, physical activity, organization support, psychological capital, job satisfaction and depressive symptoms of residents. SPSS 22.0 were used to carry out statistical analysis such as logistic regression.Results:A total of 962 valid questionnaires were collected and the results showed that 44.59% (429/962) of residents had depressive symptoms. High training grade ( ORPGY-3=1.775, P=0.006) and poor quality of sleep ( OR=1.662, P<0.001) were risk factors of depressive symptoms, whereas psychological capital ( OR=0.962, P<0.001) and job satisfaction ( OR=0.972, P=0.001) were protective factors of depressive symptoms. Conclusion:The prevalence of depressive symptoms is high in residents. Training grade, sleep quality, psychological capital and job satisfaction are closely associated with the high prevalence of depressive symptoms, which should be paid more attention to.
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Background Job burnout is prevalent among the occupational population, which may lead to individual physical and mental discomfort and affect the quality of life and productivity of suffered workers. Most current chemical fiber factory workers are engaged in hazardous tasks with high frequency and high repetition, which are highly associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, and subsequently lead to job burnout. Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of job burnout in workers of a chemical fiber factory in Xinxiang City of Henan Province, and to provide empirical evidence for preventing and reducing the occurrence of job burnout in target workers. Methods In 2022, the workers of a chemical fiber factory in Xinxiang City were selected by cluster random sampling. The Chinese versions of the Burnout Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to conduct a survey. SPSS 25.0 software was used for rank sum test, correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 1463 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 90.0%. The positive rate of mild and moderate job burnout in the chemical fiber factory employees was 39.4%, and the positive rate of serious job burnout was 14.3%. There were statistical differences in the positive rates of job burnout among the workers by gender, age, education level, position, work shift system, anxiety symptom severity, and depressive symptom severity (P<0.05). The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that the score of anxiety symptoms was positively correlated with the total score of job burnout, as well as the dimensional scores of exhaustion and cynicism, and negatively correlated with the dimensional score of professional efficacy (r=0.671, 0.764, 0.673, −0.097; P<0.01). The score of depressive symptoms was also positively correlated with the total score of job burnout, as well as the dimensional scores of exhaustion and cynicism, and negatively correlated with the dimensional score of professional efficacy (r=0.688, 0.791, 0.723, −0.087; P<0.01). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that men had a higher risk of serious job burnout than women (OR=1.698, 95%CI: 1.163-2.479); workers aged ≤ 40 years old had a higher probability of serious job burnout than those aged 51 to 60 years old (OR=2.587, 95%CI: 1.310-5.109); non-assembly line production workers and assembly line production workers were more prone to serious job burnout than administrative management and logistics personnel (OR=6.511, 9.707, 95%CI: 1.539-27.548, 2.260-41.700); compared with other shift systems (three shifts and night shifts), the probability of serious job burnout was lower (OR=0.375, 95%CI: 0.254-0.553) in regular day shift workers; compared with frequent overtime work, those reporting no overtime work and occasional overtime work showed a lower risk of serious job burnout, with OR (95%CI) values of 0.114 (0.068-0.192) and 0.331 (0.194-0.564), respectively. Conclusion The positive rate of job burnout among the employees of the chemical fiber factory is high, and the anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms are positively correlated with job burnout. Adjustment of work should be strengthened at multiple levels to improve anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms of employees, and reduce the occurrence of job burnout.
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Background Job burnout is common among working populations. The current situation and influencing factors of job burnout have been studied in workers of many industries at home and abroad, except the express industry in China. Objective To understand the current situation of job burnout in express industry in a city of China, and to provide a scientific basis for developing measures to reduce the occurrence of job burnout. Methods In 2022, 432 express delivery workers in a city were selected by cluster random sampling, and their job burnout, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms were evaluated by using the General Burnout Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Chi-square test was used to compare inter-group positive rates of job burnout. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between selected variables. Positive job burnout, high level of exhaustion, and high level of cynicism were selected as dependent variables. Single-factor analysis was firstly carried out to identify statistically significant variables for subsequent logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 460 questionnaires were distributed and 432 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 93.9%. There were 286 (66.2%) express delivery workers reporting job burnout. The positive rate of anxiety symptoms was 41.0%, and the positive rate of depressive symptoms was 34.0%. The job burnout score of the express industry workers [M (P25, P75)] was 1.8 (1.0, 2.5); the scores [M (P25, P75)] of exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy were 1.0 (0.0, 2.6), 1.0 (0.0, 2.2), and 3.5 (1.2, 5.8), respectively; the score [M (P25, P75)] of anxiety symptoms was 1.5 (0.0, 7.0); the score [M (P25, P75)] of depressive symptoms was 1.0 (0.0, 8.0). There were statistical differences in the positive rates of job burnout among the express industry workers grouped by gender, education, monthly income, work shift system, overtime, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms (P<0.05). The Spearman correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between the score of anxiety symptoms and the scores of job burnout, exhaustion, and cynicism (rs=0.596, 0.689, 0.600, P<0.001); the score of depressive symptoms was also positively correlated with the scores of job burnout, exhaustion, and cynicism (rs=0.601, 0.680, 0.607, P<0.001). The logistic regression analysis showed that women had a lower risk of job burnout than men (OR=0.458, 95%CI: 0.273, 0.768), and the risk of reporting positive job burnout was 3.140 times higher for those who worked overtime than those who did not (OR=3.140, 95%CI: 1.732, 5.693). Conclusion The current situation of job burnout in express industry is serious. Gender, education, monthly income, and overtime are the main influencing factors. Measures should be developed to reduce the occurrence of job burnout.
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Background Healthcare workers suffer from great internal and external pressure and are prone to burnout. Existing studies have shown that depressive symptoms are important influencing factors of burnout, both of which are closely related to job stress. Objective To analyze overall prevalence of burnout among healthcare workers using a new survey tool developed by our team, and to reveal potential influencing factors related to burnout. Methods A cross-sectional multi-center study was conducted in August–October 2019 and June–September 2020, using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. A total of 8738 healthcare workers from 22 hospitals in 5 provinces (Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, and Chongqing) of China were selected in this study. A set of survey questionnaires, including the general information questionnaire and the Chinese versions of General Burnout Scale, Core Occupational Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Self-administered Sleep Questionnaire were distributed. Independent samples t-test or one-way ANOVA were employed for inter-group comparison of burnout. Spearman correlation was used to evaluate correlations among burnout, depressive symptoms, and occupational stress. Stepwise linear regression was conducted to identify factors independently associated with burnout. Process plug-in was used to test potential mediating effect of depressive symptoms on occupational stress and burnout. Results Of the 8738 questionnaires distributed, 8456 valid questionnaires were collected, and the recovery rate was 96.77%. Among the 8456 healthcare workers, the prevalence of burnout was 58.0%, that of occupational stress was 31.8%, and that of depressive symptoms was 31.0%. Among those with depressive symptoms and occupational stress, the proportions of burnout were 86.7% and 83.7%, respectively. According to the stepwise linear regression analysis, depressive symptoms, occupational stress, work experience, drinking, and marital status were all independent influencing factors of burnout. Especially, depressive symptoms, social support, and organization and reward had significant influences on burnout (b'=0.455, −0.183, 0.220, P<0.001). Depressive symptoms showed mediating effects on occupational stress (and its subscales) and burnout, and the contribution rates of the mediating effects were 41.00%, 47.02%, 43.44%, 56.62%, and 59.45%, respectively. Conclusion Burnout is a prominent problem among healthcare workers in the 5 provinces, with the prevalence of 58.0%. And nearly 1/3 suffering from depressive symptoms and occupational stress, which has a great impact on burnout.
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Background Manufacturing industry is the main body of China's national economy, and manufacturing employees provide solid guarantee and support for the vigorous development of China's manufacturing industry. The research on job burnout of manufacturing employees is helpful to prevent or alleviate the health damage and economic loss caused by job burnout. Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of job burnout among manufacturing employees in China, and evaluate the potential mediating effect of job burnout between job stress and depressive symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed from August to October 2019 and from June to September 2020 in seven provinces of China. Study participants were recruited from 21 manufacturing companies covering 11 manufacturing subdivisions using multistage stratified cluster sampling. General Burnout Scale, Core Occupational Stress Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to evaluate job burnout, job stress, and depressive symptoms. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare data between two independent samples and multiple independent samples of measurement data; Pearson χ2 test was used to compare the rate of enumeration data; Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate correlation between selected variables; binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis; stepwise regression and bias-corrected Bootstrap method were used to test potential mediating effect. Results A total of 10973 valid questionnaires were collected. The M (P25, P75) scores of exhaustions, cynicism, professional efficacy, job burnout, job stress, and depressive symptoms were 1.6 (0.4, 3.0), 1.0 (0.2, 2.2), 4.8 (3.2, 5.7), 1.6 (0.8, 2.5), 45.0 (40.0, 50.0), and 7.0 (4.0, 11.0), respectively. The positive rates of job burnout, job stress, and depressive symptoms were 53.4% (5865/10973), 28.4% (3116/10973), and 29.4% (3231/10973), respectively. The influencing factors of job burnout were gender (versus male; OR for female=0.852), age (versus≤25 years old; ORs for 26-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60 years old=0.824, 0.819, 0.738, 0.677), education level (versus junior high school or below; ORs for senior high school/technical secondary school, junior college/vocational college, graduate school or above=1.119, 1.345, 1.331), income per month (versus＜3000 yuan; ORs for 3000-4999, 5000-6999, 7000-8999, 9000-10999, ≥11000 yuan=0.513, 0.470, 0.430, 0.375, 0.411), position (versus assembly line; OR for non-assembly line=0.814), average weekly working hours (versus ≤40 h; ORs for 61-70, ＞70 h=1.199, 1.519), and drinking (versus non-drinking; OR for drinking=1.261). Job burnout was positively correlated with job stress and depressive symptoms (r=0.556, 0.508, P<0.001). Job burnout played a partial mediating role between job stress and depressive symptoms, and its contribution value accounted for 63.2% of the total effect. Conclusion Manufacturing industry employees' job burnout problem is prominent in China, and there are many factors affecting job burnout. Job burnout may play a partial mediating role between job stress and depressive symptoms in the target group.
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Abstract@#Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of depressive symptoms among primary and middle school students in Xihu District, Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into depression control among primary and middle school students. @*Methods@# Students were sampled from two primary schools, two junior high schools, two ordinary high schools and one vocational high school in Xihu District using a stratified cluster random sampling method from September to November, 2021. Participants' demographics, diet, exercise, sleep and campus bullying were collected using questionnaire surveys. The depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and factors affecting the depressive symptoms were identified among primary and middle school students using a multivariable logistic regression model.@* Results@# A total of 1 518 students were investigated, including 518 primary school students (34.12%), 363 junior high school students (23.91%), 463 ordinary high school students (30.50%) and 174 vocational high school students (11.46%). Of all participants, there were 805 males (53.03%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 38.87% among the participants, and was 36.10%, 42.42%, 42.33% and 30.46% among primary school, junior high school, ordinary high school and vocational high school students, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR=1.601, 95%CI: 1.289-1.989), type of school (junior high school, OR=1.299, 95%CI: 0.974-1.734; ordinary high school, OR=1.351, 95%CI: 1.025-1.780; vocational high school, OR=0.862, 95%CI: 0.585-1.272), frequency of fresh vegetable intake (less than once daily, OR=0.454, 95%CI: 0.304-0.679; once and more daily, OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.235-0.548), duration spent on the internet (0.5 to 1 h daily, OR=1.447, 95%CI: 1.044-2.006; 1 h and longer daily, OR=1.456, 95%CI: 1.072-1.978), sufficient sleep (OR=0.525, 95%CI: 0.371-0.744), suffering from campus bullying (OR=1.992, 95%CI: 1.491-2.661) were associated with the development of depressive symptoms. @*Conclusions@# The prevalence of depressive symptoms is high among primary and middle school students in Xihu District. Gender, type of school, dietary behaviors, sleep duration and campus bullying are factors affecting the development of depressive symptoms.
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【Objective】 To revise the Highly Sensitive Child (HSC) Scale for Chinese Adolescents and investigate the role of adolescents’ sensitivity to environmental influences. 【Methods】 The HSC Scale was translated into Chinese. A total of 2166 adolescents in Xi’an were selected for exploratory factor, confirmatory factor analyses and reliability analysis. The participants were 609 healthy adolescents and 105 depressive adolescents aged 14-17 years, who were evaluated with the HSC scale and PHQ-9 scale as well as sleep duration and academic achievement questions. 【Results】 First, the factor structure (CFI=0.989, GFI=0.977, AGFI=0.958, TLI=0.983, RMSEA=0.042, RMR=0.050) indicated that HSC scale was a reliable measure of environmental sensitivity. The results supported a bifactor model with a general sensitivity factor and three group factors. Second, the Cronbach α was 0.892, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.743. Third, depressive adolescents had a significantly higher HSC score, compared with the healthy ones (F=15.1, P<0.01). Fourth, the relationship between BMI and adolescent adjustment was moderated by environmental sensitivity. Simple slope analysis showed that when the level of environmental sensitivity was higher, weight gain could predict adolescents’ emotional, sleep and academic problems. 【Conclusion】 The Chinese version of HSC has good psychometric characteristics and may be applied in Chinese adolescents. Environmental sensitivity may be a personality factor that influences depressive symptoms in adolescents.
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【Objective】 To investigate the association of depressive symptoms with the predicted risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese based on a large community study. 【Methods】 A total of 2532 cases in the group without depression and 2758 cases in the group with depression were included. We compared the two groups in general demographics, information related to coronary heart disease risk, and physical function and ability to perform daily living. We also analyzed the factors associated with coronary heart disease risk by linear regression. 【Results】 ① Demographic information: The group with depression had a higher mean age, a higher proportion of women, more people with poor marital status, and a higher number of comorbid chronic diseases compared with the group without depression (all P<0.05). ② Risk indicators related to coronary heart disease: The group with depression had more people with diabetes and a significantly higher systolic blood pressure compared with the group without depression (P<0.05). The two groups did not significantly differ in the proportion of smokers, diastolic blood pressure, LDL-C, or HDL-C (all P>0.05). The risk of coronary heart disease was significantly higher in the group with depression than in the group without depression (P<0.05). ③ Physical function and ability of daily living: The physical function score, physical self-care score, and instrumental daily living ability were significantly higher in the group with depression than in the group without depression (all P<0.001). ④ Linear regression showed that except for gender, age, marital status, comorbid diabetes, smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C and LDL-C were associated with risk of coronary heart disease (P<0.05); CESD was the only factor associated with the risk of coronary heart disease [B=0.019, 95% CI: (0.015, 0.032), P=0.032]. 【Conclusion】 The risk of coronary heart disease is higher in middle-aged and elderly people with depressive symptoms than in those without depressive symptoms. Having depressive symptoms is one of the risk factors for coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly people.
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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of depressive symptoms among grassroots healthcare workers in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into improving their mental health. @*Methods@#Grassroots healthcare workers of community health service centers and township health centers were sampled from one county (city, district) in each of 11 cities in Zhejiang Province using a convenience sampling method from December 2022 to January 2023. Participants' gender, age, educational level and average daily sleep duration in the past week were collected through questionnaires, and depression symptoms was investigated according to Self-rating Depression Scale. Factors affecting the depressive symptoms were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#A total of 1 946 questionnaires were distributed, and 1 945 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective response rate of 99.95%. There were 444 boys, accounting for 22.83%, and 1 501 girls, accounting for 77.17%. The median age was was 36 (interquartile range, 44) years. There were 786 healthcare workers detected with depressive symptoms, with a prevalence rate of 40.41%, and the prevalence rates of mild, moderate and severe depressive symptoms were 26.94%, 10.49% and 2.98%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (50 years and older, OR=0.572, 95%CI: 0.386-0.846), annual income (100 000 to 149 999 Yuan, OR=0.780, 95%CI: 0.635-0.958; 150 000 to 199 999 Yuan, OR=0.463, 95%CI: 0.282-0.760; 200 000 Yuan and above, OR=0.303, 95%CI: 0.098-0.937), vocation (nurse, OR=1.593, 95%CI: 1.252-2.027) and sleep duration (less than 7 hours, OR=2.164, 95%CI: 1.768-2.648) as factors affecting depressive symptoms among grassroots healthcare workers in Zhejiang Province.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of depressive symptoms among grassroots healthcare workers in Zhejiang Province is 40.41%. Age, annual income, job and sleep duration may affect the development of depressive symptoms among grassroots healthcare workers.
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Background The correlation between depression and sleep quality is well established in adults, but similar evidence is lacking in adolescents. Objective To study the sleep quality, the positive rate of depressive symptoms, and their correlation among middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide a basis for providing mental health and sleep management to this group of students. Methods From September to November 2020, using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 7796 students from 32 middle schools in 16 districts of Shanghai were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire for middle school students of the 2020 Shanghai Students’ Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Surveillance was used to collect students' demographic information, history of smoking, history of drinking, and history of chronic diseases; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality; and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. χ2 test was used to compare qualitative data between groups. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between sleep quality and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Shanghai. Results After excluding incomplete questionnaires, a total of 7160 valid questionnaires were collected. The average sleep time of middle school students in Shanghai was (7.54±1.15) h. Among them, 84.8% reported insufficient sleep time < 9 h, and only 15.2% reported sleep time ≥9 h. In addition, 9.2% of the students had poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ≥8 points). The sleep quality of urban students was worse than that of suburban students. The sleep quality of girls was worse than that of boys. The sleep quality of students in the third grade of middle school was worse than that of students in the first and second grades of middle school. Students with smoking history, drinking history, and chronic disease history had worse sleep quality than those without (P<0.05). The positive rate of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Shanghai was 22.2%, among which 7.0% reported possible depressive symptoms and 15.2% reported definite depressive symptoms. The positive rate of depressive symptoms in female students (26.1%) was higher than that in male students (18.5%); among different grades of middle school, the positive rate of depressive symptoms of the third grade middle school students was the highest (24.1%); the positive rates of depressive symptoms in students with smoking history, drinking history, and chronic disease history were higher than those without; the positive rate of depressive symptoms was higher in students with poor sleep quality (P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the students with poor sleep quality showed higher risks of reporting depressive symptoms, and the OR (95%CI) was 17.064 (14.024-20.764). Conclusion The positive rates of poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms of middle school students in Shanghai are high, and there is a significant correlation between these two indicators. For students’ mental health and sleep management, more attention should be paid to the quality in addition to the quantity of sleep.
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Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) is one of the main disorders that impair the working ability of workers. Social and psychological factors can lead to WMSDs by affecting physiological mechanisms, changing work posture, or disturbing mood and cognitive ability. Objective To explore current situation of job burnout, depressive symptoms, and WMSDs in coal miners, and to analyze their relationships. Methods This cross-sectional survey adopted cluster random sampling method and selected 1700 on-job coal miners from five coal mining enterprises in Xinjiang. The general information, job burnout, depressive symptoms, and the prevalence of WMSDs in coal miners were investigated by using the Job Burnout Scale, Self-rating Depressive Symptom Scale, and Chinese Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The prevalence rates of WMSDs, job burnout scores, and depressive symptom scores of coal miners with different demographic characteristics were compared. Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify the correlations among the three variables. A structural equation model was established to the analyze the potential mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between job burnout and WMSDs. Results A total of 1528 valid questionnaires were collected, with an valid recovery rate of 89.9%, including 1335 males (87.4%) and 193 females (12.6%). The M (P0-P100) of age was 41 (19-59) years, and the M (P0-P100) of length of service was 25 (1-42) years. The prevalence rate of WMSDs in coal miners was 57.7%. The M (P25, P75) score of job burnout was 54.0 (45.0, 61.0), and the M (P25, P75) score of depressive symptoms was 48.8 (43.8, 53.8). There were significant differences in WMSDs prevalence rate, job burnout score, and depressive symptom score among different sex, age, length of service, shift, and education level groups (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between job burnout and WMSDs and between depressive symptoms and WMSDs (rs=0.172 and 0.098, P < 0.01), and there was a positive correlation between job burnout and depressive symptoms (rs=0.138, P < 0.01). The results of structural equation model suggested that job burnout and depressive symptoms directly affected WMSDs, and the standardized path coefficients (β) were 0.10 and 0.09, respectively; job burnout also directly affected depressive symptoms (β=0.19). The total effect of job burnout on WMSDs was 0.120, the direct effect was 0.102, and the indirect effect mediated by depressive symptoms was 0.018, accounting for 15.0% of the total effect (all Ps<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of WMSDs in coal miners is high, and job burnout and depressive symptoms are associated with WMSDs.
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Background Occupational stress and depressive symptoms of disease prevention and control personnel are serious. Objective To investigate the relationship between occupational stress, psychological capital, and depressive symptoms of disease prevention and control personnel, and analyze the potential mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. Methods From July to September 2020, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 2201 employees from 21 centers for disease control and prevention as study subjects covering all levels of administrative divisions in Jiangsu Province. A total of 2036 valid questionnaires were collected with a recovery rate of 92.5%. The Core Occupational Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Psychological Capital Questionnaire were used to investigate their occupational stress, depressive symptoms, and psychological capital. Stratified regression analysis was used to explore the effects of occupational stress and psychological capital on depressive symptoms. A mediating effect model was used to analyze and verify the potential mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. Results The total scores in M (P25, P75) of occupational stress, depressive symptoms, and psychological capital in the target population were 42.0 (37.0, 48.0), 8.0 (4.0, 9.0), and 4.6 (4.0, 5.0) respectively. The positive rate of occupational stress was 31.0% (631/2036), and the positive rate of depressive symptoms was 22.0% (448/2036). The dimensional scores of organization and reward, and demand and effort of occupational stress were positively correlated with the total score of depressive symptoms [Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) were 0.371 and 0.269, P<0.05]. The dimensional scores of social support and autonomy of occupational stress and the score of psychological capital were negatively correlated with the total score of depressive symptoms (rs=−0.373, −0.112, −0.494, P<0.05). The organization and reward, and demand and effort had positive effects on depressive symptoms (b=0.188, 0.177, P<0.05), while social support and autonomy had negative effects on depressive symptoms (b=−0.290, −0.078, P<0.05), and associated with a 22.5% increase of explanatory variance. Psychological capital had a negative effect on depressive symptoms (b=−0.368, P<0.05), and associated with an 11.0% increase of explanatory variance. Psychological capital had mediating effects on the associations of social support, organization and reward, and autonomy with depressive symptoms, and the mediating effect values were −0.210 (95%CI: −0.253-−0.171), 0.096 (95%CI: 0.071-0.122), and −0.164 (95%CI: −0.229-−0.103), respectively. The corresponding mediating effect percentages were 40.23%, 26.97%, and 45.56%, respectively. Conclusion Occupational stress of disease prevention and control personnel can directly affect depressive symptoms, but also indirectly through psychological capital. Psychological capital plays a partial mediating role in the associations of social support, organization and reward, and autonomy of occupational stress with depressive symptoms. The occurrence of depressive symptoms can be reduced by decreasing occupational stress and increasing psychological capital.
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Background The operation mode of automobile manufacturing industry (AMI) makes workers have different degrees of occupational stress and burnout, which may lead to negative emotions and depressive symptoms. Objective To study the relationship between occupational stress, job burnout, and depressive symptoms in AMI workers. Methods In this study, 1300 workers from a Guangzhou AMI company were selected as subjects by cluster random sampling method. Occupational stress, job burnout, and depressive symptoms of the workers were assessed by using the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory general survey questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze the effects of occupational stress and job burnout on depressive symptoms in AMI workers. Mediating effect model was used to analyze the mediating effect of job burnout on the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. Results There were 1300 questionnaires distributed, 1228 valid questionnaires collected, with a 94.5% recovery rate. The ERI ratio of 1228 AMI workers was 1.06±0.72, and the positive rate of occupational stress was 37.3% (458/1228). The score of job burnout was 2.18±1.37, and the positive rate of job burnout was 62.6% (769/1228). The score of depressive symptoms was 10.27±6.42, and the positive rate of depressive symptoms was 47.1% (578/1228). The dimensional scores of effort and over-commitment in occupational stress as well as emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in job burnout of AMI workers were positively correlated with the depressive symptom scores (rs=0.415, 0.571, 0.573, 0.593, P＜0.05). The dimensional scores of reward and personal achievement were negatively correlated (rs=−0.454, −0.339, P＜0.05). The percentages of variance in depressive symptoms score explained by occupational stress and job burnout were 26.7% and 16.6%, respectively. Job burnout had a partial mediating effect between the three dimensions of occupational stress and depressive symptoms, and the mediating effect values were −0.2832 (95%CI: −0.3250– −0.2434), 0.3553 (95%CI: 0.3071–0.4041), and 0.4193 (95%CI: 0.3681–0.4725), respectively. Conclusion AMI workers' occupational stress affects job burnout, but also indirectly affects depressive symptoms. Job burnout partially mediates the association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. Reducing occupational stress and burnout levels of AMI workers may alleviate depressive symptoms.
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To analyze influencing factors for depressive symptoms in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas in China. We recruited 2 180 participants aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2017. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships of socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral lifestyle, chronic disease prevalence, functional status, family and social support with depressive symptoms in the elderly. The detection rate of depression symptoms was 15.0 in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas of China, and the detection rate of depression symptoms was 11.5 in men and 18.5 in women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the detection rate of depressive symptoms was lower in the elderly who had regular physical exercises (=0.44, 95: 0.26-0.74), frequent fish intakes (=0.57, 95: 0.39-0.83), recreational activities (=0.65, 95: 0.44-0.96), social activities (=0.28, 95: 0.11-0.73) and community services (=0.68, 95: 0.50-0.93). The elderly who were lack of sleep (=2.04, 95: 1.49-2.80), had visual impairment (=1.54, 95: 1.08-2.18), had gastrointestinal ulcer (=2.97, 95: 1.53-5.77), had arthritis (=2.63, 95: 1.61-4.32), had higher family expenditure than income (=1.80, 95: 1.17-2.78) and were in poor economic condition (=4.58, 95: 2.48-8.47) had higher detection rate of depressive symptoms. The status of doing physical exercise, fish intake in diet, social activity participation, sleep quality or vision, and the prevalence of gastrointestinal ulcers and arthritis were associated with the detection rate of depressive symptoms in the elderly.
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Objective • To investigate the interaction among stress-related negative feelings, depressive symptoms and shape concern of the patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and the mediating effect of depressive symptoms between negative feelings and shape concern. Methods • A total of 110 AN patients who met the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5) were recruited and their stress-related negative feelings were measured with Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), depressive symptoms were measured with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and shape concern was measured with Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0). Pearson's correlation test was used to examine the relation between the variables, and the Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect of depressive symptoms between negative feelings and shape concern. Results • Negative feelings of the AN patients were positively correlated with depressive symptoms and shape concern (r=0.537, r=0.729, both P=0.000), and depressive symptoms were positively correlated with shape concern (r=0.614, P=0.000). The mediating effect analysis showed that the mediating role of depressive symptoms between negative feelings and shape concern was 0.332 (95%CI 0.156-0.535), with the mediating effect ratio of 61.673%. Conclusion • The depressive symptoms of the AN patients may play a mediating effect between negative feelings and shape concern, and the mediating effect is greater than the direct effect.
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Objective • To explore the relationship among depressive symptoms, attributional style and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods • Seventy patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who met the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM- ) were selected. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to evaluate the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventor- Ⅱ (BDI- Ⅱ ) was used to measure the depressive symptoms, and the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) was used to measure the attributional style. The correlations among obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depressive symptoms and attributional style as well as the mediating role of obsessive-compulsive symptoms between attributional style and depressive symptoms were analyzed. Results • The globality dimension of negative events in attributional style was positively correlated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and depressive symptoms (both P<0.05), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were also positively correlated with depressive symptoms (P=0.000). The mediating effect analysis showed that the mediating role of obsessive-compulsive symptoms between the globality dimension of negative events and depressive symptoms was 0.105 (95%CI 0.031-0.218), with an mediating effect ratio of 44.20%. Conclusion • Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder may play a completely mediating effect between the globality dimension of negative events in attribution style and depressive symptoms.
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Objective@#To analyze influencing factors for depressive symptoms in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas in China.@*Methods@#We recruited 2 180 participants aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2017. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships of socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral lifestyle, chronic disease prevalence, functional status, family and social support with depressive symptoms in the elderly.@*Results@#The detection rate of depression symptoms was 15.0% in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas of China, and the detection rate of depression symptoms was 11.5% in men and 18.5% in women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the detection rate of depressive symptoms was lower in the elderly who had regular physical exercises (OR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.26-0.74), frequent fish intakes (OR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.39-0.83), recreational activities (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.44-0.96), social activities (OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.11-0.73) and community services (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.50-0.93). The elderly who were lack of sleep (OR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.49-2.80), had visual impairment (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.08-2.18), had gastrointestinal ulcer (OR=2.97, 95%CI: 1.53-5.77), had arthritis (OR=2.63, 95%CI: 1.61-4.32), had higher family expenditure than income (OR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.17-2.78) and were in poor economic condition (OR=4.58, 95%CI: 2.48-8.47) had higher detection rate of depressive symptoms.@*Conclusion@#The status of doing physical exercise, fish intake in diet, social activity participation, sleep quality or vision, and the prevalence of gastrointestinal ulcers and arthritis were associated with the detection rate of depressive symptoms in the elderly.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the influencing factors of depressive symptom of employees in a mould-producing enterprises using two occupational stress models. METHODS: A total of 457 employees in a mould-producing enterprise were selected as study subjects using cluster sampling method. The Center for Epidemiological Study-Depression Scale, the Chinese version of Job Demand Content Questionnaire and the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire were used to investigate the level of depressive symptom and occupational stress by the job demand control(JDC) model and effort reward imbalance(ERI) model. RESULTS: Among the 457 employees, the median score of depressive symptom was 11.00, the detection rate of depressive symptom in the subjects was 23.4%(107/457). The incidence of occupational stress by the JDC and ERI models was 78.3%(358/457) and 62.6%(286/457), respectively. The rate of depressive symptom was statistically higher in the high occupational stress group than that of the low occupational stress group by the ERI model(26.6% vs 18.1%, P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that both marital status and monthly income were influencing factors of depressive symptom by the JDC model(P<0.05). The marital status, monthly income and occupational stress were influencing factors of depressive symptom by the ERI model(P<0.05). The risk of depressive symptom was statistically higher in the high occupational stress group than that of the low occupational stress group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Employees in mould-producing enterprise have some depressive symptom. The marital status, monthly income and occupational stress by the ERI model are the main influencing factors of depressive symptom.
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Objective: Mental disorders of the elderly population in China deserve attention. Social health is significantly associated with depression. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of depressive symptoms and to test the relationships between social health and depressive symptoms among a large sample of community-dwelling elderly adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or above in Zhejiang Province, China. Face-to-face interviews were used to complete a structured questionnaire for all participants. We used the Social Health Scale for the Elderly (SHSE) to evaluate social health status and used the short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale to evaluate depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between social health status and depressive symptoms. Results: Of the total of 3757 participants included, 1887 (50.23%) were female, and the mean±standard deviation (SD) age was (70.0±8.3) years. The rate of depressive symptoms was 25.92%. The social health score was higher in non-depressed participants than in depressed participants (raw score 50.7 vs. 48.3, P < 0.001). Participants with “moderate” or “good” social health had a significantly lower risk of depressive symptoms than those with “poor” social health (odds ratio (OR)=0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-0.66 for moderate social health; OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.35-0.60 for good social health). The association between social health and depressive symptoms was consistent across several subgroups. Conclusions: Social health is significantly inversely associated with depressive symptoms. The SHSE may serve as an efficient screener to identify those elderly adults with social health deficits, but systematic assessment to guide intervention merits further investigation.